Social conditioning of boys and girls during their formative years influences gender-related roles and behaviours, which impact patterns of violence and victimisation that persist into their later lives. Thus, promoting healthy gender roles among young people is crucial for fostering more equal relationships and for preventing early intimate partner violence.

Parents are their child’s first teachers. Their behaviour is a guide to friendships, intimate relationships and the outside world. Involved and loving fathers teach their children to be kind, caring, and respectful. With positive role models, children are able to treat others well and realise when they are being mistreated.

Having a good relationship with their fathers can make a huge difference to children. For example, they

• have better friendships.
• have a lower risk of depression.
• have better intimate relationships.
• perform better in school.

• Amaze.org: Medically accurate, age-appropriate, positive, and honest sex education for children and teens (and resources for parents)
• Planned Parenthood: Resources for parents on talking to their children about sex, puberty and relationships starting from age 0
• #ausgeprochen: German resources for children and teens, but also parents and educators on growing up, sexual diversity and much more
• Children's Commissioner: Talking to your child about online sexual harassment - A guide for parents
• Thinkuknow: Education on online safety for 4-7 year olds, 8-10 year olds, and 11-18 year olds
• Internet Matters: How to talk to your child about online pornography
• It's time we talked: Tip sheet for parents on talking to their children about pornography
• Empowering Children Foundation: Polish support for (parents of) children who experienced sexual or domestic violence
• SEXED PL: Polish website for teens and older on all things related to relationships, body image, sex and much more
• Consent Hub: Website with resources for educators, carers and teens about pornography consumption and respectful intimacy

See more resources on consent and healthy sexuality on our CONSENT project website

Child and Adolescent to Parent Violence and Abuse (CAPVA) describes a dynamic in which a young person engages in abusive behaviour towards a parent or adult carer and where the abusive behaviour is harmful and repeated. Abusive behaviour is physical and emotional violence, coercive and controlling behaviour, sexual and economic abuse.

CAPVA is a serious and growing issue. Parents experiencing this type of violence often have problems recognising and naming the abuse. They feel ashamed and do not know how to react. Similarly, many professionals are unaware of the issue or do not know how to respond.

Webinar "Child & Adolescent to Parent Violence & Abuse (CAPVA) - What is it & how can we stop it?"

Panel discussion "Child/Adolescent to Parent Violence and Abuse (CAPVA)"

Interview "Child & Adolescent to Parent Violence & Abuse (CAPVA)"